‘We must … determine whether Russia’s intervention was a one-time, brutal – and excessive – response, or whether it is ushering in a new hardening of Moscow’s line toward its neighbours and toward the international community, which would inevitably have consequences for its relationship with the European Union. Russia must realise that it will be all the more heeded and respected as it makes a responsible, constructive contribution to resolving the problems of our time,’ French President Nicolas Sarkozy, 18 August, writing in the Washington Post