On 4-6 December 2003, the IISS and the Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) hosted a meeting in Geneva for experts and representatives of the US, UK, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Iran to discuss security issues in the Persian Gulf, with a focus on diplomatic efforts to resolve the Iranian nuclear issue. The Iranian delegations included representatives from the Iranian Foreign Ministry and the National Expediency Council, as well as several think tanks and universities in Tehran.
